Eclipse PV power (1 kW)

Method. For each city a 1 kW fixed-tilt array is modelled under clear-sky conditions (tilt ≈ |latitude|). Two orientations are compared: south (azimuth 180°) and west (azimuth 270°). Eclipse-suppressed AC power is clear-sky output scaled by (1 − obscuration), using the nearest cell of the obscuration grid. Daily energy is the integral of AC power (Wh). West-facing arrays peak later in the afternoon, so eclipse timing (late afternoon / evening) can change daily loss relative to south-facing. Clouds, curtailment, and inverter clipping are not modelled.

South-facing panels (azimuth 180°)

1 kW · tilt ≈ |latitude| · surface azimuth = 180°

Summary

City	Site	Lat, Lon	Tilt / Az	Grid (i, j)	Peak obsc.	Peak time (local)	Peak clear AC (W)	Clear energy (Wh)	Eclipse energy (Wh)	Daily loss
Wales	Cardiff	51.482, -3.179	51.5° / 180°	154, 1427	93.0%	19:15	784	5845	5811	0.58%
Glasgow	city centre	55.864, -4.252	55.9° / 180°	137, 1423	85.0%	19:00	763	5688	5640	0.85%
London	city centre	51.507, -0.128	51.5° / 180°	154, 1439	91.0%	19:15	772	5743	5719	0.42%
Madrid	city centre	40.417, -3.704	40.4° / 180°	198, 1425	97.0%	20:30	823	6101	6087	0.23%
Paris	city centre	48.857, 2.352	48.9° / 180°	165, 9	91.0%	20:15	816	6101	6089	0.20%
Lisbon	city centre	38.722, -9.139	38.7° / 180°	205, 1403	86.0%	19:30	825	6157	6128	0.47%
Frankfurt	city centre	50.111, 8.682	50.1° / 180°	160, 35	88.0%	20:15	766	5675	5670	0.09%
Boston	city centre	42.360, -71.059	42.4° / 180°	191, 1156	16.0%	14:00	806	6004	5883	2.02%
Quebec	Quebec City	46.814, -71.208	46.8° / 180°	173, 1155	24.0%	13:45	817	6112	5911	3.29%

City plots

Wales

Glasgow

London

Madrid

Paris

Lisbon

Frankfurt

Boston

Quebec

West-facing panels (azimuth 270°)

1 kW · tilt ≈ |latitude| · surface azimuth = 270°